- By controlling your insulin you can allow your body to build muscle and burn fat .
- Muscle is made of protein. To build muscle, your body must be in anabolic mode (building). Insulin is an anabolic hormone.
- Insulin is responsible for growth factor in our body. It is responsible for transport of various nutrients to our body organs and parts.
- Excess insulin production will lead to the storage of body fat and the inhibition of fat burning. Insulin is an enemy of fat loss.
- To have a balance between muscle growth/repair and fat burning, you need to plan the meals strategically and put focus on the amount of carbohydrates you consume.
Insulin is the hormone that drives glucose out of the bloodstream and into cells, and diabetes is the loss of the ability to control blood glucose levels.
Insulin also has a dark side, because it can increase fat storage. The challenge is to learn how to spike insulin to optimally recover from workouts and grow, while also blunting it to stay lean.
Insulin’s release from the pancreas signals the body that it has just been fed. Since the body is always trying to spare energy, it halts the body’s burning of stored fat, instead turning to the nutrients that have just been ingested. From the pancreas, insulin enters the blood stream and travels to various tissues, including muscle tissue. This allows allow glucose, amino acids, and creatine to enter the muscles. This process is a major reason why insulin is so important for building muscle.
Good to know about your opponent
Insulin is an anabolic hormone. It could be anabolic in supplying nutrients to our tissue to rebuild/ repair or it could accumulate fat.
Insulin’s primary job is to maintain safe and steady blood glucose levels of around 80-100 mg/dl. So when blood glucose levels rise above 100, insulin is secreted by the pancreas. It balances the blood glucose by either using it for energy instantly or for storing it tissue and liver or to tell liver to convert the extra glucose energy into fat storage.
There are three different storage areas for this extra glucose:
- Muscle glycogen
- Liver glycogen
- Adipose tissue (after converting into fat)
What does Insulin do (list of few important functions)
Insulin Builds Muscle
Insulin stimulates protein synthesis (and therefore muscle growth) by directing ribosomes to make more protein.
Muscle is made of protein. Protein is manufactured by ribosomes. Ribosomes are turned on by insulin. Insulin is required to build muscle.
Insulin Inhibits breakdown of Protein
Every day, your body synthesizes some protein and breaks down some protein. To build muscle, you must synthesize more protein than you catabolize.
Insulin Transports Amino Acids into Muscle Cells
Insulin actively transports certain amino acids directly into the muscle cells. All essential amino acids especially Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are pushed into muscle cells by insulin, which is essential if you want to build muscle.
Insulin Increases Activity of Glycogen Synthase
Insulin increases the activity of the enzymes (like glycogen synthase) which stimulate glycogen formation. This means it helps the storage of glucose in muscle cells, thereby improving performance, recovery, and the size of your muscles.
Muscle glycogen formation results in much fuller, denser-looking muscle.
Insulin Inhibits Hormone-Sensitive Lipase
Insulin does not allow body to use our stored fat for energy quite efficiently. Insulin inhibits an enzyme called hormone-sensitive lipase, which is responsible for breaking down adipose (fat) tissue. If you cannot break stored fat for energy, you feel lethargic quickly after a meal and would have cravings again.
To put in a different way, Insulin in blood sends a signal to brain through various channels that there is energy through external food sources, hence there is no need to burn stored fat as energy. Remember that burning stored fat is an effort on the body system, hence body chooses to do this only when there is no energy coming externally.
Insulin lets Liver to convert excess glucose to fat
Insulin increases fatty acid synthesis in the liver, which is step one in the process of gaining body fat. This depends on the availability of excess carbs – the amount above what is immediately burned for energy or stored as glycogen.
How can we take advantage of Insulin
Insulin is simply an anabolic transport hormone. All it cares about is keeping blood glucose in the normal range. When blood glucose gets high, insulin will be secreted and will work quickly to restore normal serum glucose levels.
For hypertrophy or muscle building, then you want high levels of insulin throughout the day.
You especially want high-insulin levels around workouts to take advantage of the fact that at that time, the muscle cell membrane is extra permeable to insulin and whatever it is carrying (like glucose or BCAAs).
For fat loss, then you want to decrease your levels of insulin throughout the day, on average.
When blood glucose is high, insulin is secreted and glucose is stored in muscle glycogen or liver glycogen. When blood glucose is low, insulin secretion is diminished and fat becomes the body’s primary fuel source.
Insulin is like a switch that controls from moment to moment whether we’re burning fat or building muscle.
What this means is that you can plan your day to have periods of time focused on building muscle and periods of time focused on burning fat. And you can manipulate the length of these periods to alter the rate at which you gain muscle and lose fat.
Increase the amount of insulin you secrete around weight training. Insulin will not convert glucose to fat if it can first store it as muscle glycogen. After an intense weight-training session, both muscle and liver glycogen are depleted and ready to soak up serious glucose. So, have a high carb with protein to trigger muscle protein synthesis.
Then, in order to cover the fat loss part of this equation, keep insulin levels low during the remainder of the day. Means you can give a gap of 3 to 4 hours between the meals. Then have meals which are lower/moderate in carbs and high in protein with some healthy fats. This keeps you satiated for longer time and also helps you lose some fat in the process.
All our tissues have insulin receptors. As long as insulin receptors work as designed, a spike in insulin levels clears out the majority of the glucose in the blood, pushing it into muscle and fat cells. Spiking insulin levels throughout the day would lead to fat gain over time and can lead to insulin resistance.
The types of carbs you eat can make or break your ability to rule insulin. The glycemic index refers to how fast the carbs in the food end up as glucose in your blood stream.
High GI foods are those that pass rapidly through your digestive system (i.e. fast-digesting) and into your blood stream. This causes insulin to spike so that your body can utilize the glucose.
Low GI foods are those that pass more slowly through the digestive system (i.e. slow-digesting) and gradually enter the blood stream, keeping insulin levels more consistent.
At most meals, you want to focus on low GI carbs if you have any carbs at all. This will keep insulin levels low, thereby helping to maintain energy levels throughout the day, as well as burn fat.
There are two times of day when high GI carbs can pay off for you. The first time is within minutes of waking—but only if your goal is to gain mass. The other appropriate time to take in high GI or fast-digesting carbs is within 30 minutes after workouts
Taking in about 20-40 grams of fast-digesting carbs as soon as you get out of bed will boost insulin and quickly restock your glycogen levels and stop the muscle onslaught. Fruits are recommended. If you are trying to maximize fat-loss, you may want to skip carbs altogether in the morning. Getting in a protein shake will help stop some of the muscle breakdown without halting too much of the fat burning.
After a heavy workout, you’ll want to shoot for about 30-80 grams of those carbs along with 40 grams of protein powder. At this time, the high GI carbs will spike your insulin, which will drive those carbs and amino acids for the protein, as well as creatine (assuming you take creatine) into your muscles.
Research confirms that when you take high GI carbs along with fast-digesting protein, such as whey, after workouts, insulin levels soar even higher than when just high GI carbs are consumed.
~Praveen Jada
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