Glycation
The glycation process is initiated by a chemical reaction between the reactive carbonyl group of a sugar or an aldehyde with a nucleophilic free amino group of a protein, leading to the rapid formation of an unstable Schiff base.
As blood sugar goes up, the opportunity for sugars to bind with proteins increases, forming unwanted molecules in the process. These molecules that result from glycation are called “advanced glycation end products” or AGEs. AGEs have been likened to the rust in a car.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/glycation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643203/
Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products.
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body’s ability to counteract their damaging effects through neutralization with antioxidants. Oxidative damage is the harm sustained by cells and tissues that are unable to keep up with free radical production.
https://kresserinstitute.com/what-really-causes-oxidative-damage/
Insulin resistance
A resistance to the hormone insulin, resulting in increasing blood sugar. The hormone insulin helps control the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. With insulin resistance, the body’s cells don’t respond normally to insulin. Glucose can’t enter the cells as easily, so it builds up in the blood. This can eventually lead to type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance typically has no symptoms. Lifestyle changes can help reverse insulin resistance.
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/insulin-resistance-syndrome
https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-2-diabetes/insulin-resistance-causes-symptoms
Mitochondrial dysfunction
A disorder that occurs when structures that produce energy for a cell malfunction. A common factor among mitochondrial diseases is that the mitochondria are unable to completely burn food and oxygen to generate energy, which is essential for normal cell function. It’s often inherited. Symptoms might include poor growth, developmental delays and muscle weakness.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4566449/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15612-mitochondrial-diseases
Cell Membrane Instability
Membrane integrity is defined as the quality or state of the complete membrane in perfect condition. When this cell membrane become unstable or porus, it could lead to a lot of metabolic disorders.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/membrane-integrity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4141862/
Methylation
DNA methylation is an example of one of the many mechanisms of epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to inheritable changes in your DNA that don’t change the actual DNA sequence. That means these changes are potentially reversible.
Your DNA consists of four bases, called cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine. A chemical unit called a methyl group, which contains one carbon and three hydrogen atoms, can be added to cytosine. When this happens, that area of the DNA is methylated. When you lose that methyl group, the area becomes demethylated.
DNA methylation often inhibits the expression of certain genes. For example, the methylation process might stop a tumor-causing gene from “turning on,” preventing cancer.
Poor Methylation is most often caused by environmental toxins, high histamine intake, high estrogens, acute or chronic stress, and chronic infection or immune challenges.
https://www.healthline.com/health/methylation#research
https://kresserinstitute.com/treating-methylation-supplementing/
Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation, causes, risks
What are the causes of inflammation in our body?
Autophagy
Autophagy is the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components.
https://www.healthline.com/health/autophagy
Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion – NCBI
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6107789/
Nutrition is the most essential thing to sustain optimum metabolic health. All above factors can be kept in balanced state by following a healthy and wholesome diet.
Of course an optimum sleep schedule and physical exercise needs to be combined with a healthy diet for a better lifestyle.
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